Pola React Hook: Menguasai Pengembangan Hook Kustom untuk Aplikasi Global

            
import React, { useState, useCallback } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk mengelola penghitung numerik.
 * @param {number} initialValue - Nilai awal penghitung. Defaultnya adalah 0.
 * @returns {{ count: number, increment: () => void, decrement: () => void, reset: () => void }}
 */
function useCounter(initialValue = 0) {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(initialValue);

  const increment = useCallback(() => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1);
  }, []); // Tidak ada dependensi, karena setCount stabil

  const decrement = useCallback(() => {
    setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1);
  }, []); // Tidak ada dependensi

  const reset = useCallback(() => {
    setCount(initialValue);
  }, [initialValue]); // Bergantung pada initialValue

  return {
    count,
    increment,
    decrement,
    reset
  };
}

export default useCounter;

            

              
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import React from 'react';
import useCounter from './useCounter'; // Asumsikan useCounter.js ada di direktori yang sama

function CounterComponent() {
  const { count, increment, decrement, reset } = useCounter(10);

  return (
    <div>
      <h3>Jumlah Saat Ini: {count}</h3>
      <button onClick={increment}>Tambah</button>
      <button onClick={decrement}>Kurangi</button>
      <button onClick={reset}>Reset</button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default CounterComponent;

            

              
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import React, { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk mengambil data dari API.
 * @param {string} url - URL untuk mengambil data.
 * @param {object} options - Opsi fetch (misalnya, headers, method, body).
 * @returns {{ data: any, loading: boolean, error: Error | null, refetch: () => void }}
 */
function useFetch(url, options = {}) {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
  const [error, setError] = useState(null);

  const fetchData = useCallback(async () => {
    setLoading(true);
    setError(null);
    try {
      const response = await fetch(url, options);
      if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`Kesalahan HTTP! status: ${response.status}`);
      }
      const result = await response.json();
      setData(result);
    } catch (err) {
      setError(err);
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  }, [url, JSON.stringify(options)]); // Mengubah options menjadi string untuk perbandingan mendalam

  useEffect(() => {
    fetchData();
  }, [fetchData]);

  return { data, loading, error, refetch: fetchData };
}

export default useFetch;

            

              
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import React from 'react';
import useFetch from './useFetch';

function UserProfile({ userId }) {
  const { data: user, loading, error } = useFetch(`https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`);

  if (loading) return <p>Memuat profil pengguna...</p>;
  if (error) return <p style={{ color: 'red' }}>Kesalahan: {error.message}</p>;
  if (!user) return <p>Tidak ada data pengguna yang ditemukan.</p>;

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>{user.name}</h2>
      <p>Email: {user.email}</p>
      <p>Lokasi: {user.location}</p>
      <!-- Detail pengguna lainnya -->
    </div>
  );
}

export default UserProfile;

            

              
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import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk mempertahankan state di localStorage.
 * @param {string} key - Kunci untuk localStorage.
 * @param {any} initialValue - Nilai awal jika tidak ada data yang ditemukan di localStorage.
 * @returns {[any, (value: any) => void]}
 */
function useLocalStorage(key, initialValue) {
  // State untuk menyimpan nilai kita
  // Berikan fungsi state awal ke useState agar logika hanya dieksekusi sekali
  const [storedValue, setStoredValue] = useState(() => {
    try {
      const item = typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window.localStorage.getItem(key) : null;
      return item ? JSON.parse(item) : initialValue;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Kesalahan membaca kunci localStorage "${key}":`, error);
      return initialValue;
    }
  });

  // useEffect untuk memperbarui localStorage ketika state berubah
  useEffect(() => {
    try {
      if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
        window.localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(storedValue));
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(`Kesalahan menulis ke kunci localStorage "${key}":`, error);
    }
  }, [key, storedValue]);

  return [storedValue, setStoredValue];
}

export default useLocalStorage;

            

              
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import React from 'react';
import useLocalStorage from './useLocalStorage';

function ThemeSwitcher() {
  const [isDarkMode, setIsDarkMode] = useLocalStorage('theme-preference', false);

  const toggleTheme = () => {
    setIsDarkMode(prevMode => !prevMode);
    document.body.className = isDarkMode ? '' : 'dark-theme'; // Terapkan kelas CSS
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <p>Tema Saat Ini: {isDarkMode ? '<strong>Gelap</strong>' : '<strong>Terang</strong>'}</p>
      <button onClick={toggleTheme}>
        Beralih ke Tema {isDarkMode ? 'Terang' : 'Gelap'}
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

export default ThemeSwitcher;

            

              
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import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk mengelola state boolean.
 * @param {boolean} initialValue - Nilai boolean awal. Defaultnya adalah false.
 * @returns {[boolean, () => void, (value: boolean) => void]}
 */
function useToggle(initialValue = false) {
  const [value, setValue] = useState(initialValue);

  const toggle = useCallback(() => {
    setValue(prev => !prev);
  }, []);

  return [value, toggle, setValue];
}

export default useToggle;

            

              
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import React from 'react';
import useToggle from './useToggle';

function ModalComponent() {
  const [isOpen, toggleOpen] = useToggle(false);

  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={toggleOpen}>Buka/Tutup Modal</button>
      {isOpen && (
        <div style={{
          border: '1px solid black', 
          padding: '20px', 
          margin: '10px', 
          backgroundColor: 'lightblue'
        }}>
          <h3>Ini adalah Modal</h3>
          <p>Konten ada di sini.</p>
          <button onClick={toggleOpen}>Tutup Modal</button>
        </div>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

export default ModalComponent;

            

              
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import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk melampirkan dan membersihkan event listener.
 * @param {string} eventName - Nama event (mis., 'click', 'resize').
 * @param {function} handler - Fungsi penangan event.
 * @param {EventTarget} element - Elemen DOM untuk melampirkan listener. Defaultnya adalah window.
 * @param {object} options - Opsi event listener (mis., { capture: true }).
 */
function useEventListener(eventName, handler, element = window, options = {}) {
  // Buat ref yang menyimpan handler
  const savedHandler = useRef();

  // Perbarui nilai ref.current jika handler berubah. Ini memungkinkan efek di bawah untuk
  // selalu menggunakan handler terbaru tanpa perlu melampirkan ulang event listener.
  useEffect(() => {
    savedHandler.current = handler;
  }, [handler]);

  useEffect(() => {
    // Pastikan elemen mendukung addEventListener
    const isSupported = element && element.addEventListener;
    if (!isSupported) return;

    // Buat event listener yang memanggil savedHandler.current
    const eventListener = event => savedHandler.current(event);

    // Tambahkan event listener
    element.addEventListener(eventName, eventListener, options);

    // Bersihkan saat unmount atau saat dependensi berubah
    return () => {
      element.removeEventListener(eventName, eventListener, options);
    };
  }, [eventName, element, options]); // Jalankan ulang jika eventName atau elemen berubah
}

export default useEventListener;

            

              
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import React, { useState } from 'react';
import useEventListener from './useEventListener';

function KeyPressDetector() {
  const [key, setKey] = useState('Tidak ada');

  const handleKeyPress = (event) => {
    setKey(event.key);
  };

  useEventListener('keydown', handleKeyPress);

  return (
    <div>
      <p>Tekan tombol apa saja untuk melihat namanya:</p>
      <strong>Tombol Terakhir Ditekan: {key}</strong>
    </div>
  );
}

export default KeyPressDetector;

            

              
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import { useState, useCallback } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk mengelola state formulir dan menangani perubahan input.
 * @param {object} initialValues - Objek dengan nilai awal field formulir.
 * @param {object} validationRules - Objek dengan fungsi validasi untuk setiap field.
 * @returns {{ values: object, errors: object, handleChange: (e: React.ChangeEvent) => void, handleSubmit: (callback: (values: object) => void) => (e: React.FormEvent) => void, resetForm: () => void }}
 */
function useForm(initialValues, validationRules = {}) {
  const [values, setValues] = useState(initialValues);
  const [errors, setErrors] = useState({});

  const handleChange = useCallback((event) => {
    event.persist(); // Pertahankan event untuk menggunakannya secara asinkron (jika perlu)
    const { name, value, type, checked } = event.target;

    setValues((prevValues) => ({
      ...prevValues,
      [name]: type === 'checkbox' ? checked : value,
    }));

    // Hapus kesalahan untuk field segera setelah diubah
    if (errors[name]) {
      setErrors((prevErrors) => {
        const newErrors = { ...prevErrors };
        delete newErrors[name];
        return newErrors;
      });
    }
  }, [errors]);

  const validate = useCallback(() => {
    const newErrors = {};
    for (const fieldName in validationRules) {
      if (validationRules.hasOwnProperty(fieldName)) {
        const rule = validationRules[fieldName];
        const value = values[fieldName];
        if (rule && !rule(value)) {
          newErrors[fieldName] = `${fieldName} tidak valid`;
          // Di aplikasi nyata, Anda akan memberikan pesan kesalahan spesifik berdasarkan aturan
        }
      }
    }
    setErrors(newErrors);
    return Object.keys(newErrors).length === 0;
  }, [values, validationRules]);

  const handleSubmit = useCallback((callback) => (event) => {
    event.preventDefault();
    const isValid = validate();
    if (isValid) {
      callback(values);
    }
  }, [values, validate]);

  const resetForm = useCallback(() => {
    setValues(initialValues);
    setErrors({});
  }, [initialValues]);

  return {
    values,
    errors,
    handleChange,
    handleSubmit,
    resetForm,
  };
}

export default useForm;

            

              
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import React from 'react';
import useForm from './useForm';

const emailRegex = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;

function LoginForm() {
  const { values, errors, handleChange, handleSubmit } = useForm(
    { email: '', password: '' },
    {
      email: (value) => emailRegex.test(value) && value.length > 0,
      password: (value) => value.length >= 6,
    }
  );

  const submitLogin = (formData) => {
    alert(`Mengirim: Email: ${formData.email}, Kata Sandi: ${formData.password}`);
    // Di aplikasi nyata, kirim data ke API
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(submitLogin)}>
      <h2>Login</h2>
      <div>
        <label htmlFor="email">Email:</label>
        <input
          type="email"
          id="email"
          name="email"
          value={values.email}
          onChange={handleChange}
        />
        {errors.email && <p style={{ color: 'red' }}>{errors.email}</p>}
      </div>
      <div>
        <label htmlFor="password">Kata Sandi:</label>
        <input
          type="password"
          id="password"
          name="password"
          value={values.password}
          onChange={handleChange}
        />
        {errors.password && <p style={{ color: 'red' }}>{errors.password}</p>}
      </div>
      <button type="submit">Login</button>
    </form>
  );
}

export default LoginForm;

            

              
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// AuthContext.js
import React, { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';

const AuthContext = createContext(null);

// Hook Kustom untuk Logika Otentikasi
export function useAuth() {
  const [user, setUser] = useState(null);
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);

  // Mensimulasikan fungsi login asinkron
  const login = useCallback(async (username, password) => {
    setIsLoading(true);
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        if (username === 'test' && password === 'password') {
          const userData = { id: '123', name: 'Pengguna Global' };
          setUser(userData);
          localStorage.setItem('user', JSON.stringify(userData));
          resolve(true);
        } else {
          resolve(false);
        }
        setIsLoading(false);
      }, 1000);
    });
  }, []);

  // Mensimulasikan fungsi logout asinkron
  const logout = useCallback(() => {
    setUser(null);
    localStorage.removeItem('user');
  }, []);

  // Muat pengguna dari localStorage saat mount
  useEffect(() => {
    const storedUser = localStorage.getItem('user');
    if (storedUser) {
      try {
        setUser(JSON.parse(storedUser));
      } catch (e) {
        console.error('Gagal mem-parsing pengguna dari localStorage', e);
        localStorage.removeItem('user');
      }
    }
    setIsLoading(false);
  }, []);

  return { user, isLoading, login, logout };
}

// Komponen AuthProvider untuk membungkus aplikasi Anda atau bagian darinya
export function AuthProvider({ children }) {
  const auth = useAuth(); // Di sinilah hook kustom kita digunakan

  return (
    <AuthContext.Provider value={auth}>
      {children}
    </AuthContext.Provider>
  );
}

// Hook Kustom untuk mengonsumsi AuthContext
export function useAuthContext() {
  const context = useContext(AuthContext);
  if (context === undefined) {
    throw new Error('useAuthContext harus digunakan di dalam AuthProvider');
  }
  return context;
}

            

              
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// App.js (atau komponen root)
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import { AuthProvider, useAuthContext } from './AuthContext';

function Dashboard() {
  const { user, isLoading, logout } = useAuthContext();

  if (isLoading) return <p>Memuat status otentikasi...</p>;
  if (!user) return <p>Silakan login.</p>;

  return (
    <div>
      <h2>Selamat datang, {user.name}!</h2>
      <button onClick={logout}>Logout</button>
    </div>
  );
}

function LoginFormForContext() {
  const { login } = useAuthContext();
  const [username, setUsername] = useState('');
  const [password, setPassword] = useState('');

  const handleLogin = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const success = await login(username, password);
    if (!success) {
      alert('Login gagal!');
    }
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleLogin}>
      <input type="text" placeholder="Nama Pengguna" value={username} onChange={e => setUsername(e.target.value)} />
      <input type="password" placeholder="Kata Sandi" value={password} onChange={e => setPassword(e.target.value)} />
      <button type="submit">Login</button>
    </form>
  );
}

function App() {
  return (
    <AuthProvider>
      <h1>Contoh Otentikasi dengan Hook Kustom & Context</h1>
      <LoginFormForContext />
      <Dashboard />
    </AuthProvider>
  );
}

export default App;

            

              
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// Contoh AbortController di useFetch (disederhanakan untuk kejelasan)
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function useFetchAbortable(url) {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);
  const [error, setError] = useState(null);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);

  useEffect(() => {
    const abortController = new AbortController();
    const signal = abortController.signal;

    setLoading(true);
    setError(null);

    fetch(url, { signal })
      .then(response => {
        if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.statusText);
        return response.json();
      })
      .then(setData)
      .catch(err => {
        if (err.name === 'AbortError') {
          console.log('Fetch dibatalkan');
        } else {
          setError(err);
        }
      })
      .finally(() => setLoading(false));

    return () => {
      // Batalkan permintaan fetch jika komponen dilepas atau dependensi berubah
      abortController.abort();
    };
  }, [url]);

  return { data, error, loading };
}

export default useFetchAbortable;

            

              
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// Contoh pengujian untuk useCounter (konseptual)
import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react-hooks';
import useCounter from './useCounter';

describe('useCounter', () => {
  it('harus menaikkan hitungan', () => {
    const { result } = renderHook(() => useCounter(0));

    act(() => {
      result.current.increment();
    });

    expect(result.current.count).toBe(1);
  });

  it('harus mereset hitungan ke nilai awal', () => {
    const { result } = renderHook(() => useCounter(5));

    act(() => {
      result.current.increment();
    });
    expect(result.current.count).toBe(6);

    act(() => {
      result.current.reset();
    });
    expect(result.current.count).toBe(5);
  });

  // Tes lainnya untuk decrement, nilai awal, dll.
});

            

              
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// Konsep hook useLocalizedDate
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function useLocalizedDate(dateString, locale = 'en-US', options = {}) {
  const [formattedDate, setFormattedDate] = useState('');

  useEffect(() => {
    try {
      const date = new Date(dateString);
      setFormattedDate(date.toLocaleDateString(locale, options));
    } catch (e) {
      console.error('String tanggal tidak valid diberikan ke useLocalizedDate:', dateString, e);
      setFormattedDate('Tanggal Tidak Valid');
    }
  }, [dateString, locale, JSON.stringify(options)]);

  return formattedDate;
}

// Penggunaan:
// const myDate = useLocalizedDate('2023-10-26T10:00:00Z', 'de-DE', { weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric', month: 'long', day: 'numeric' });
// // myDate akan menjadi 'Donnerstag, 26. Oktober 2023'

            

              
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import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

/**
 * Hook kustom untuk men-debounce suatu nilai.
 * @param {any} value - Nilai yang akan di-debounce.
 * @param {number} delay - Penundaan dalam milidetik.
 * @returns {any} Nilai yang telah di-debounce.
 */
function useDebounce(value, delay) {
  const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value);

  useEffect(() => {
    const handler = setTimeout(() => {
      setDebouncedValue(value);
    }, delay);

    return () => {
      clearTimeout(handler);
    };
  }, [value, delay]);

  return debouncedValue;
}

export default useDebounce;

            

              
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import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import useDebounce from './useDebounce';

function SearchInput() {
  const [searchTerm, setSearchTerm] = useState('');
  const debouncedSearchTerm = useDebounce(searchTerm, 500); // penundaan 500ms

  // Efek untuk mengambil hasil pencarian berdasarkan debouncedSearchTerm
  useEffect(() => {
    if (debouncedSearchTerm) {
      console.log(`Mengambil hasil untuk: ${debouncedSearchTerm}`);
      // Lakukan panggilan API di sini
    } else {
      console.log('Istilah pencarian dihapus.');
    }
  }, [debouncedSearchTerm]);

  return (
    <div>
      <input
        type="text"
        placeholder="Cari..."
        value={searchTerm}
        onChange={(e) => setSearchTerm(e.target.value)}
      />
      <p>Mencari untuk: <strong>{debouncedSearchTerm || '...'}</strong></p>
    </div>
  );
}

export default SearchInput;

            

              
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